RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol): IETF communication protocol for real-time transport of audio and video over IP
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol): IETF's text-based protocol to initiate interactive communications between users
T.120: ITU-T's data protocol for multimedia conferencing
WCCP v.2: Cisco's communication protocol for cache servers
Even as enterprises adopt gigabit per second switch technology, T1 leased lines--a technology holdover from the 1960s--continue to be the most common bandwidth enterprises use to connect LANs and tap the Internet. T1 lines carry both voice and data over 24 channels of 64 Kbps with TDM (time-division multiplexing).
Enterprises that need more bandwidth than T1's 1.54 Mbps can install additional T1 lines or lease fractional T1s in two-channel, 128-Kbps increments. But at approximately $800 per Mbps, speed can kill. There has been movement from private leased lines to less expensive alternatives in shared networks, such as frame relay and ATM. But frame relay is a poor choice for voice traffic because it lacks the guaranteed quality of service found in ATM networks.
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Subsea cable alternatives can provide a level of comfort for those concerned about disruptions. Realistically, they will continue to play a small, but critical role in the short term.
